프로젝트 관리 Manage Your Project (6)

프로젝트 개요 Projects Overview

In this document

1. Modules
2. Project Files
3. Project Structure Settings

안드로이드 스튜디어 안의 project에는 source code, assets, test code, build configurations 등 app을 위한 작업공간을 정의하는 모든 것이 포함되어 있습니다.
new project를 시작하면, Android Studio는 모든 파일에 필요한 구조를 만들어서 그것을 IDE의 왼쪽 Project window에 보이게 합니다(click View > Tool Windows > Project).
이 페이지는 프로젝트 안의 핵심 컴포넌트에 대한 개요을 제공합니다.
A project in Android Studio contains everything that defines your workspace for an app, from source code and assets, to test code and build configurations. When you start a new project, Android Studio creates the necessary structure for all your files and makes them visible in the Project window on the left side of the IDE (click View > Tool Windows > Project). This page provides an overview of the key components inside your project.

모듈들    Modules

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module은 source files과 build settings을 모아놓은 것으로, project를 기능별로 차별성이 있는 단위들로 나눌 수 있게 만들어줍니다.
project에는 1개 이상의 모듈이 포함될 수 있으며, 1개의 모듈은 다른 모듈을 dependency로 사용할 수 있습니다.
각각의 모듈은 독립적으로 만들어지고, 테스트되고 디버그될 수 있습니다.
A module is a collection of source files and build settings that allow you to divide your project into discrete units of functionality. Your project can have one or many modules and one module may use another module as a dependency. Each module can be independently built, tested, and debugged.

프로젝트 안에서 코드 라이브러리를 만들 때, 또는 폰이나 웨어러블과 같은 서로 다른 장치 타입을 위한 서로 다른 세트의 코드와 리소스를 만들 때 추가적인 모듈이 유용한 경우도 가끔 있지만, 범위가 정해진 모든 파일을 동일한 프로젝트 안에 유지하고 일부 코드는 공유합니다. 
Additional modules are often useful when creating code libraries within your own project or when you want to create different sets of code and resources for different device types, such as phones and wearables, but keep all the files scoped within the same project and share some code.

You can add a new module to your project by clicking File > New > New Module.

Android Studio offers a few distinct types of module:

Android app module

Provides a container for your app's source code, resource files, and app level settings such as the module-level build file and Android Manifest file. When you create a new project, the default module name is "app".

In the Create New Module window, Android Studio offers the following app modules:

• Phone & Table Module
• Android Wear Module
• Android TV Module
• Glass Module

They each provide essential files and some code templates that are appropriate for the corresponding app or device type.

Library module

Provides a container for your reusable code, which you can use as a dependency in other app modules or import into other projects. Structurally, a library module is the same as an app module, but when built, it creates a code archive file instead of an APK, so it can't be installed on a device.

In the Create New Module window, Android Studio offers the following library modules:

• Android Library: This type of library can contain all file types supported in an Android project, including source code, resources, and manifest files. The build result is an Android Archive (AAR) file that you can add as a dependency for your Android app modules.
• Java Library: This type of library can contain only Java source files. The build result is an Java Archive (JAR) file that you can add as a dependency for your Andriod app modules or other Java projects.

Google Cloud module

Provides a container for your Google Cloud backend code. This module adds the required code and dependencies for a functioning, runnable backend that you can extend with the features you want, such as data storage. Android Studio lets you easily add a cloud backend to your app. For more information, see Cloud Tools for Android Studio.

Some people also refer to modules as sub-projects and that's okay, because the Gradle also refers to modules as projects. For example, when you create a library module and want to add it as a dependency to your Android app module, you must declare it as follows:

dependencies {
  compile project(':my-library-module')
}

Project Files

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기본적으로, Android Studio는project files을 Android view안에 나열합니다.
이 view는 디스크 상에서의 실제 파일 hierarchy를 반영하지 않지만, 프로젝트의 핵심 소스 파일간의 네비게이션을 단순하게 만들기 위하여, 공통적으로 사용되지 않는 특정 파일이나 디텍토리를 숨기면서, modules과 파일 타입에 의하여 조직화되어 있습니다.
디스크 상의 구조와 비교하여 변경된 일부 구조는 다음과 같습니다:
By default, Android Studio displays your project files in the Android view. This view does not reflect the actual file hierarchy on disk, but is organized by modules and file types to simplify navigation between key source files of your project, hiding certain files or directories that are not commonly used. Some of the structural changes compared to the structure on disk include the following:

• Shows all the project's build-related configuration files in a top-level Gradle Script group.
• Shows all manifest files for each module in a module-level group (when you have different manifest files for different product flavors and build types).
• Shows all alternative resource files in a single group, instead of in separate folders per resource qualifier. For example, all density versions of your launcher icon are visible side-by-side.

Within each Android app module, files are shown in the following groups:

manifests

Contains the AndroidManifest.xml file.

java

Contains the Java source code files, separated by package names, including JUnit test code.

res

Contains all non-code resources, such as XML layouts, UI strings, and bitmap images, divided into corresponding sub-directories. For more information about all possible resource types, see Providing Resources.

The Android Project View

To see the actual file structure of the project including all files hidden from the Android view, select Project from the dropdown at the top of the Project window.

When you select Project view, you can see a lot more files and directories. The most important of which are the following:

module-name/

build/

Contains build outputs.

libs/

Contains private libraries.

src/

Contains all code and resource files for the module in the following subdirectories:

androidTest/

Contains code for instrumentation tests that run on an Android device. For more information, see the Android Test documentation.

main/

Contains the "main" sourceset files: the Android code and resources shared by all build variants (files for other build variants reside in sibling directories, such as src/debug/ for the debug build type).

AndroidManifest.xml

Describes the nature of the application and each of its components. For more information, see the AndroidManifest.xmldocumentation.

java/

Contains Java code sources.

jni/

Contains native code using the Java Native Interface (JNI). For more information, see the Android NDK documentation.

gen/

Contains the Java files generated by Android Studio, such as your R.java file and interfaces created from AIDL files.

res/

Contains application resources, such as drawable files, layout files, and UI string. See Application Resources for more information.

assets/

Contains file that should be compiled into an .apk file as-is. You can navigate this directory in the same way as a typical file system using URIs and read files as a stream of bytes using the AssetManager . For example, this is a good location for textures and game data.

test/

Contains code for local tests that run on your host JVM.

build.gradle (module)

This defines the module-specific build configurations.

build.gradle (project)

This defines your build configuration that apply to all modules. This file is integral to the project, so you should maintain them in revision control with all other source code.

For information about other build files, see Configure Your Build.

Project Structure Settings

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To change various settings for your Android Studio project, open the Project Structure dialog by clicking File > Project Structure. It contains the following sections:

• SDK Location: Sets the location of the JDK, Android SDK, and Android NDK that your project uses.
• Project: Sets the version for Gradle and the Android plugin for Gradle, and the repository location name.
• Developer Services: Contains settings for Android Studio add-in components from Google or other third parties. See Developer Services, below.
• Modules: Allows you to edit module-specific build configurations, including the target and minimum SDK, the app signature, and library dependencies. See Modules, below.

Developer Services

The Developer Services section of the Project Structure dialog box contains configuration pages for several services that you can be use with your app. This section contains the following pages:

• AdMob: Allows you to turn on Google's AdMob component, which helps you understand your users and show them tailored advertisements.
• Analytics: Allows you to turn on Google Analytics, which helps you measure user interactions with your app across various devices and environments.
• Authentication: Allows users to use Google Sign-In to sign in to your app with their Google accounts.
• Cloud: Allows you to turn on Firebase cloud-based services for your app.
• Notifications: Allows you to use Google Cloud Messaging to communicate between your app and your server.

Turning on any of these services may cause Android Studio to add necessary dependencies and permissions to your app. Each configuration page lists these and other actions that Android Studio takes if you enable the associated service.

Modules

The Modules settings section lets you change configuration options for each of your project's modules. Each module's settings page is divided into the following tabs:

• Properties: Specifies the versions of the SDK and build tools to use to compile the module.
• Signing: Specifies the certificate to use to sign your APK.
• Flavors: Lets you create multiple build flavors, where each flavor specifies a set of configuration settings, such as the module's minimum and target SDK version, and the version code and version name. For example, you might define one flavor that has a minimum SDK of 15 and a target SDK of 21, and another flavor that has a minimum SDK of 19 and a target SDK of 23.
• Build Types: Lets you create and modify build configurations, as described in Configuring Gradle Builds. By default, every module has debug andrelease build types, but you can define more as needed.
• Dependencies: Lists the library, file, and module dependencies for this module. You can add, modify, and delete dependencies from this pane. For more information about module dependencies, see Configuring Gradle Builds.